000			01752aab a2200217 4500
008			240216b20232023|||br||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a0889-3241
100			_aZhao, Tuo _9881087
100			_aAlshannaq, Ammar A. _9881088
245			_aStrut-and-Tie Models Using Multi-Material and Multi- Volume Topology Optimization: Load Path Approach
300			_a7-22 p.
520			_aThe development of strut-and-tie models (STMs) for the design of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams considering a general multi-material and multi-volume topology optimization framework is presented. The general framework provides flexibility to control the location/inclination/length scale of the ties according to practical design requirements. Optimality conditions are applied to evaluate the performance of the optimized STM layouts. Specifically, the Michell number Z (or load path) is used as a simple and effective criterion to quantify the STMs. The experimental results confirm that the layout with the lowest load path Z achieves the highest ultimate load. Moreover, significantly reduced cracking is observed in the optimized layouts compared to the traditional layout. This observation implies that the optimized layouts may require less crack-control reinforcement, which would lower the total volume of steel required for the deep beams.
650			_aLoad Path _9881089
650			_aMichell Number _9881090
650			_aMulti-Material Topology Optimization _9881091
650			_aReinforced Concrete (RC)Deep Beam _9881092
650			_aStrut and Tie _9171719
773	0		_tACI Structural Journal _x08893241 _dFarmington Hills,MI, U.S.A : American Concrete Institute
856			_uhttps://DOI: 10.14359/51739089
942			_2ddc _n0 _cART _o14993 _pMr. Muhammad Rafique Al Haj Rajab Ali (Late)
999			_c815008 _d815008