TY  - BOOK
AU  - Sajida Shaikh
TI  - Synthesis and Characterization of Multiferroic Ceramics for Energy Application (PhD Thesis)
U1  - 620.1400378242 
PY  - 2023///
CY  - Karachi
PB  - NED University of Engineering and Technology Department of Materials Engineering
KW  - Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Thesis
KW  - Multiferroic Ceramics Thesis
N1  - YN
N2  - Abstract:
Tungsten bronze structure and its derived compounds are a complex structured family with typical oxygen octahedral rotations. These compounds were reported in 1924. The tetragonal tungsten bronze family has structural similarities to the TB family. This family is noticeable due to its structural stability, multifunctional property, and additional doping options compared to the perovskites structure family. TBs are in experimentation, but still, the literature lacks to report the complete division of families, and much detailed information regarding other classes of TB family is rarely studied. The most ignored family of TB compounds is "TTB -like" compounds. Ispouv reported these compounds, but the authors and other researchers have not reported any experimental detail about compounds to date. This encourages the authors of this study to highlight the significant properties of TB look¬like compounds. 

A6B10O30 is TTB and A13B13O39 is TTB -like compound. In this study, the work is done on A13B13O39, i.e Ba2Bi(9-x)Fe(5+x)Ti8O39 (1 ≤ x ≤ 9), which is a more complex structure. Ba2Bi9Fe5Ti8O39 was expected to be ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic. The compositions of ceramics were synthesized by solid state sintering method at different temperatures to get optimum results. For the characterization, the SEM, XRD, LCR, ferroelectric tester and VSM were used. The optimized compositions contain multif erroic properties and can be used in many electronic devices and energy applications. Further to this, the optimized compound was doped at A and B-sites of the formula to explore more profound functional properties. For A-site doping, the optimized S9 composition was formulated as Ba(2-x)MxFe14Ti8O39, where M is Er3+, Gd3+, K+, Mg2+, Nd3+ and Sm3+. For B-site, the S9 formula is modified as Ba2Fe14NyTi(8-y)O39, where N is Cr3+, cu2+, Ta2+,Nb5+ and Zr4+.
All dopants have improved the overall functional properties but some of them played a significant role. Mg2+ (x=0.02) and Er3+ (x=0l) have enhanced the ferrimagnetic properties; i.e., 8.949 emu/g and 5.603 emu/g respectively. Most of the dopants have reduced dielectric losses for A and B sites. Consequently, some compounds were found to be multiferroic ceramics and can be studied for further improvement in future research.

UR  - https://eaklibrary.neduet.edu.pk:8443/catalog/bk/books/toc/98692.pdf
ER  -