Abstract :

Technology has made our lives easier and more productive by altering the way we carry out our everyday routines and tasks, it has accelerated the pace, but it has also made it more comfortable. As we progress in our lives, technology also advances and so as the transportation system. The Intelligent transport system (ITS) has come into existence with the help of smart devices or various communication technologies through which the users can utilize the transportation systems more effectively and more coordinated. ITS strives to deliver novel services linked to various forms of transportation and traffic management. When applied appropriately, ITS saves time and resources and contributes to reducing environmental risks because now there is an age of revolution, technological development, the Internet, digitization, and mobile communication.
ITS is a collection of innovative technologies enabling a diverse variety of traffic management and safety related services, relying heavily on the deployment of Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Since their inception, VANETs have grown in popularity, attracting the attention of automobile makers as well as network service providers. These new types of wireless networks, which are growing and bringing new technologies to the table to enhance road transport efficiency and safety enable data communication between the vehicles and existing network infrastructure.
In this regard, the process of inter-vehicle communications in metropolitan environments is of particular interest discussed in this thesis. The goal of the presented thesis work is to propose a set of routing options that will fulfill the requirements and problems of such surroundings by employing the location and speed of the vehicles. The major contribution of this thesis is to enhance the overall performance of the network by increasing the packet delivery rate and also minimizing the overhead of the network, which is achieved through the reduction of the allowed communication region and then within that communication region, only reliable nodes are allowed to get the participation in the communication process through the use of clustering technique and expiration time. We proposed three routing protocols; 1) "Dynamic Trilateral Enrolment (DyTE)", a routing system based on the selection of a limited trilateral zone to suppress the communication region towards the destination to achieve 22% improved PDR and also reduced the overhead by 65% when compared with AODV protocol. 2) "Reliable Group of Vehicles (RGoV)", a routing scheme which is comprised of two routing components, the first component is based on the suppression of communication region, and the second component is based on vehicle grouping technique using a clustering technique to achieve more than 19% improved PDR against the CACA protocol and 3) "Compacted Area with Effective Links (CAEL)", a routing strategy which is based on a prediction technique that is used to determine the expiry time of each established routing path between communicating entities to achieve the enhanced PDR of 17% and 3.5%, also achieved the reduced overhead by 50% and 16% when compared with DyTE and RGoV respectively. To gauge the effectiveness of the presented strategies, various simulations have been analyzed and found that the proposed peals are highly suitable for the densely populated networks.